The high-performance, low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 128KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 4KB EEPROM, 8KB SRAM, 48 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, real time counter, four flexible timer/counters with compare modes and PWM, USART, byte oriented 2-wire serial interface, USB 2.0 low-speed and full-speed On-The-Go (OTG) host/device, an 8-channel 10-bit A/D converter with optional differential input stage with programmable gain, programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, SPI serial port, JTAG (IEEE 1149.1 compliant) interface for on-chip debugging, and six software selectable power saving modes. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the device achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, balancing power consumption and processor speed.